THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
Overview
Role of mu, kappa, delta opioid receptors
Pain reception and transmission
Central nervous system mechanism of pain modulation
Peripheral system mechanism of pain modulation
TYPES OF PAIN
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Mu-opioid receptor agonists
MOA
Efficacy
Adverse reactions
Side effect management
Dependence, tolerance and addiction issues
Abuse considerations
Kappa-opioid receptor agonists
MOA
Efficacy
Safety
Side effect reduction
Abuse potential
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Adverse reactions
Adverse Reactions
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TREATMENT OPTIONS
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Mu-opioid receptor agonists
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Adverse reactions
Adverse reactions
The adverse reactions associated with typical opioid medication include the following:
Respiratory depression
Respiratory arrest
Apnea
Circulatory depression
Cardiac arrest
Hypotension
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Constipation
Nausea
